Thirteen RCTs were included in the analysis, showcasing a variety of MNT interventions delivered by dietitians. Intervention durations ranged from 3 to 24 mo. Compared with standard care, MNT improved hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: -0.30% [-0.49, -0.12]) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-4.97 mg/dL [-6.24, -3.71]). Statistically significant improvements were found in anthropometrics (weight, body mass index, and waist circumference), cholesterol (total, high-, and low-density lipoproteins), and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic). No significant effect was found on T2DM or triglycerides. The certainty of evidence was moderate for FBG and low for HbA1c and incidence of T2DM. |
